Public procurement is one of the largest points of contact between government and the private sector, and it remains the single most corruption-prone activity in public financial management, particularly in developing economies. This paper examines the potential of blockchain technology to enhance transparency in public sector procurement. Adopting a desk-review approach, the paper synthesises recent conceptual, theoretical and empirical literature (2019-2025) on blockchain-enabled procurement systems, drawing on studies from Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America. The review shows that blockchain's core attributes immutability, decentralisation, cryptographic verification and smart-contract automation directly address the record-tampering, bid-rigging, and information-asymmetry problems that sustain procurement corruption. Evidence from pilot implementations in South Africa, Kenya, Estonia, Bosnia and the United Arab Emirates suggests measurable gains in audit efficiency, cycle-time reduction and stakeholder trust. However, the literature is equally consistent that blockchain is not a self-executing solution: weak digital infrastructure, the "garbage-in-garbage-out" problem of off-chain data entry, regulatory uncertainty, high implementation cost, and entrenched political resistance to transparency all constrain adoption in public administrations, especially across sub-Saharan Africa. The paper concludes that blockchain should be understood as a structural enabler of transparency rather than a substitute for procurement reform, and it offers recommendations for phased, risk-prioritised adoption by public sector organizations, using Nigeria as an illustrative case.