The Strait of Hormuz, a critical maritime chokepoint transporting approximately 20 million barrels of crude oil daily, remains vulnerable to geopolitical disruptions that threaten global energy security. The 2026 geopolitical crisis in the Middle East has exposed the Vulnerability of energy supply chains that rely on this strategic corridor. This study examines how geopolitical disruptions in strategic maritime corridors affect global energy supply chain vulnerability and assesses the role of supply chain resilience, energy-source diversification, collaboration, and responsiveness in mitigating these effects. Particular attention is given to the Strait of Hormuz and its implications for Iraq as a rentier oil-exporting economy. The study adopts a systematic literature review with an embedded case study design. The review follows PRISMA 2020 guidelines, covers the period January 2020 to July 2026, and synthesizes nine studies that met the inclusion criteria. The Iraqi case study relies on secondary data to trace the transmission of disruptions from maritime transportation to oil exports and broader economic outcomes, focusing on the Strait of Hormuz disruption of 28 February 2026. Geopolitical disruptions in strategic chokepoints substantially increase energy supply-chain vulnerability. Resilience capabilities—including flexibility, redundancy, collaboration, agility, route diversification, and rapid responsiveness—can mitigate disruption effects. The Iraqi case demonstrates that dependence on concentrated export infrastructure and limited alternative routes can transform a maritime disruption into broader fiscal vulnerability, with oil export reductions translating into significant revenue losses. Strengthening energy supply-chain resilience requires an integrated approach combining infrastructure diversification, strategic redundancy, stakeholder coordination, early-warning capabilities, and energy transition. The study connects the geopolitical vulnerability of the Strait of Hormuz with the structural characteristics of a rentier oil-exporting economy, providing a context-specific illustration of how maritime chokepoint disruptions propagate into national fiscal and economic vulnerabilities.