International Journal of Management and Organizational Research  |  ISSN: 2583-6641  |  Double-Blind Peer Review  |  Open Access  |  CC BY 4.0

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     2026:5/5

International Journal of Management and Organizational Research

ISSN: (Print) | 2583-6641 (Online) | Impact Factor: 8.56 | Open Access

The Relationship Between the Reliability of Financial Statements and The Risk of Tax Avoidance and The Effect of External Audit Quality as A Moderating Variable: Empirical Evidence from Companies Listed the Iraq Stock Exchange

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Abstract

Can a good independent auditor disconnect aggressive tax positions from unreliable financial statements? This issue is explored for industrial firms listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange (ISX), a market with evolving audit monitoring, tax administration and disclosure practices. Here, then, reliability is the antonym of managerial discretion. We calculate it from performance-matched discretionary accruals (Dechow, Sloan, and Sweeney, 1995; Kothari, Leone, and Wasley, 2005) and compare it to restatement history. To avoid the results being driven by a single proxy, we use three measures of tax avoidance risk: the effective tax rate, the cash effective tax rate and the book-tax differential. The audit quality depends on the size of the auditor, its international affiliation, its tenure, its fee structure and its industry specialization. Three hypotheses from agency theory, positive accounting theory and disclosure/signaling theory are tested on a firm-year panel from 2016 to 2025 by fixed-effects regression. We select models using the Hausman test and conduct inference using standard errors clustered at the firm level. The analysis is designed to demonstrate and is expected to demonstrate that firms with less reliable reporting also report thinner tax burdens and most importantly that audit quality attenuates the first link: the tax consequences of unreliable reporting are smaller once a stronger auditor is on the file and higher audit quality is independently associated with lower avoidance. This is the first study that seeks to link these three pieces in an emerging market led by a tax authority, with direct implications for how the General Tax Authority screens tax returns, how the Iraqi Securities Commission views audit oversight, and how boards assess the value of a stronger auditor.

How to Cite This Article

Hashim Haydar Al-Sarraf (2026). The Relationship Between the Reliability of Financial Statements and The Risk of Tax Avoidance and The Effect of External Audit Quality as A Moderating Variable: Empirical Evidence from Companies Listed the Iraq Stock Exchange . International Journal of Management and Organizational Research (IJMOR), 5(5), 148-163. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54660/IJMOR.2026.5.5.148-163

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