Introduction: Peru is one of the countries most affected by anemia in South America. Despite declining poverty rates, approximately 57.0% of children under one year and 46.4% of those between 6-35 months have anemia, producing long-term harmful effects on intellectual and psychological development. 
Objective: To describe the importance of government intervention through legislation to favor anemia eradication and identify relationships between selected factors and anemia prevalence in children under 3 years.
Methodology: A review of the legal framework in public policies and commitments assumed by Peruvian state entities. Data integration from geographic and descriptive information sources (2012-2018) utilized ArcGIS and SPSS. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression examined eight factors. 
Results: Negative correlation: Iron supplement (-0.648), Growth and development control (-0.739), Treated water (-0.461), Basic sanitization (-0.478), Total Budget (-0.691), Monitoring budget (-0.578). Positive correlation: Breastfeeding (0.641), Teenage Mother (0.757*).