This paper focuses on exploring the relationship between the number of patents and business performance of listed aerospace enterprises in China. By utilizing panel data of listed companies in this industry from 2014 to 2023, short-term and long-term performance models are established to empirically examine the direct impact of patent quantity on business performance through data analysis. The research findings reveal a positive correlation between the number of enterprise patents and both short-term performance indicators (Return on Assets, ROA) and long-term performance indicators (Return on Equity, ROE). These results are expected to provide theoretical and practical support for aerospace enterprises to enhance their business performance.