In this article, we theoretically evaluate the impact of natural resources on the growth and development of rentier economies, of which the DRC is part through the induced effects of Dutch disease, drawing inspiration from the economic situation of the Netherlands in the 1970s, due to the export of natural gas and by the effects caused by the deterioration of the governance of the country's various institutions based on the psychology of the leaders. The aim is to assess the choice of diversification of mining exports from the DRC as an alternative to escape the curse of natural resources. Industrialization and the change in attitudes of its leaders are fundamental and essential determinants of economic results and the export success of Congolese companies, beyond demographics, savings, physical capital and human capital.